Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System

Audu Lovingkindness Edward; Hassan Umar Suru; Jasmyne Okudo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11

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Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System

Audu Lovingkindness Edward, Hassan Umar Suru, Jasmyne Okudo

Published in American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 30 March 2022 Accepted: 13 April 2022 Published: 20 April 2022

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Abstract

A password is said to be secure, if it is resistant to various forms of attack. The oldest authentication approach used in computer systems is the text-based approach, which requires that the user supplies textual password in order to gain access to the system. Overtime, this approach has been shown to have a significant drawback and several vulnerabilities, one of which is the difficulty involved in remembering textual passwords. Textual passwords are vulnerable to several attacks like brute force attacks, shoulder spying, dictionary attacks etc. Graphical Password was introduced which involves the use of images for user authentication. In this research work, we developed a position-based multi-layer graphical user authentication system, in order to solve shoulder surfing attacks that most graphical password authentication schemes are faced with. The system authenticates users in three different phases so as to ensure maximum system security. The exact position of the images that the user selects during the registration phase will make up the user’s password. However, the images will be randomized during the login phase in order to confuse attackers. The newly develop system was evaluated using three performance metrics: (1) Security, (2) Usability, (3) Reliability, and the result showed that the newly developed methodology is suitable for use, very reliable and provides maximum system security.

Published in	American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11
Page(s)	1-11
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Graphical User Authentication, Multi-layer, Randomization, Position-Based, Security, Shoulder Surfing

References

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[2]	Abiodun Esther Omolara, A. J. (2019). FingerEye: Improving Security and optimizing ATM transaction time based on Iris-Scan Authentication. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 1-9.
[3]	Adnan Ali 1, H. R. (2019). A Fractal-Based Authentication Technique Using Sierpinski Triangles in Smart Devices. Sensors, 1-19.
[4]	Alsaiari H, P. M. (2016). Graphical One-time Password (GOTPass): A Usability Evaluation. Centre for Security Communication and Network Research, School of Computing Electronics and Mathematics, 1-31.
[5]	Belk, M. F. (2017). An Interplay Between Humans, technology and Users Authentication: A Cognitive Processing Perspective. Central Lancashire online Knowledge, 1-32.
[6]	Christina Katsini, Christos Fidas, Marios Belk, George Samaras, Nikolaos Avouris. (2019). A Human Cognitive Perspective of Users' Password Choices in Recognition-based Graphical Authentication. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 1-24.
[7]	Gouri Sankar Mishra, P. K. (2020). User Authentication: A Three Level Password Authentication Mechanism. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1-8.
[8]	Harinandan Tunga, D. S. (2015). Graphical User Authentication Techniques for Security: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 1-7.
[9]	Jiya Gloria Kaka, I. O. (2021). Recognition Based Graphical Password Algorithms: A Survey. 1-10.
[10]	Lip Yee Por, C. S. (2019). Preventing Shoulder-Surfing Attacks using Diagraph Substitution Rules and Pass-Image Output feedback. Symmetry, 1-16.
[11]	M. Kannadasan, J. r. (2017). Shoulder Surfing Resistant Graphical Authentication System using Pass Matrix. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 8, Issue 5, May-2017, 1-5.
[12]	Salim Istyaq, A. N. (2021). Hybrid Graphical User Authentication Schemes Using Grid Code. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 1-11.
[13]	Sileyew, K. J. (2019). Research Design and Methodology. Intech Open, 1-14.
[14]	Sreelatha, S. A. (2011). Authentication Schemes for Session Passwords using Color and Images. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol. 3, No. 3, 9.
[15]	Vimal Gaur, A. S. (2017). Authentication using a Combination of Color Scheme and Musical Notes. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 1-5.

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APA Style

Audu Lovingkindness Edward, Hassan Umar Suru, Jasmyne Okudo. (2022). Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System. American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 11(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11

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ACS Style

Audu Lovingkindness Edward; Hassan Umar Suru; Jasmyne Okudo. Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System. Am. J. Softw. Eng. Appl. 2022, 11(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11

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AMA Style

Audu Lovingkindness Edward, Hassan Umar Suru, Jasmyne Okudo. Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System. Am J Softw Eng Appl. 2022;11(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11,
  author = {Audu Lovingkindness Edward and Hassan Umar Suru and Jasmyne Okudo},
  title = {Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System},
  journal = {American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajsea.20221101.11},
  abstract = {A password is said to be secure, if it is resistant to various forms of attack. The oldest authentication approach used in computer systems is the text-based approach, which requires that the user supplies textual password in order to gain access to the system. Overtime, this approach has been shown to have a significant drawback and several vulnerabilities, one of which is the difficulty involved in remembering textual passwords. Textual passwords are vulnerable to several attacks like brute force attacks, shoulder spying, dictionary attacks etc. Graphical Password was introduced which involves the use of images for user authentication. In this research work, we developed a position-based multi-layer graphical user authentication system, in order to solve shoulder surfing attacks that most graphical password authentication schemes are faced with. The system authenticates users in three different phases so as to ensure maximum system security. The exact position of the images that the user selects during the registration phase will make up the user’s password. However, the images will be randomized during the login phase in order to confuse attackers. The newly develop system was evaluated using three performance metrics: (1) Security, (2) Usability, (3) Reliability, and the result showed that the newly developed methodology is suitable for use, very reliable and provides maximum system security.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System
AU  - Audu Lovingkindness Edward
AU  - Hassan Umar Suru
AU  - Jasmyne Okudo
Y1  - 2022/04/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11
T2  - American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-249X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11
AB  - A password is said to be secure, if it is resistant to various forms of attack. The oldest authentication approach used in computer systems is the text-based approach, which requires that the user supplies textual password in order to gain access to the system. Overtime, this approach has been shown to have a significant drawback and several vulnerabilities, one of which is the difficulty involved in remembering textual passwords. Textual passwords are vulnerable to several attacks like brute force attacks, shoulder spying, dictionary attacks etc. Graphical Password was introduced which involves the use of images for user authentication. In this research work, we developed a position-based multi-layer graphical user authentication system, in order to solve shoulder surfing attacks that most graphical password authentication schemes are faced with. The system authenticates users in three different phases so as to ensure maximum system security. The exact position of the images that the user selects during the registration phase will make up the user’s password. However, the images will be randomized during the login phase in order to confuse attackers. The newly develop system was evaluated using three performance metrics: (1) Security, (2) Usability, (3) Reliability, and the result showed that the newly developed methodology is suitable for use, very reliable and provides maximum system security.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Audu Lovingkindness Edward

Department of Computer Science, Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
Hassan Umar Suru

Department of Computer Science, Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
Jasmyne Okudo

GitStart Community, San Francisco, USA

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Audu Lovingkindness Edward, Hassan Umar Suru, Jasmyne Okudo. (2022). Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System. American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 11(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11

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ACS Style

Audu Lovingkindness Edward; Hassan Umar Suru; Jasmyne Okudo. Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System. Am. J. Softw. Eng. Appl. 2022, 11(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11

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AMA Style

Audu Lovingkindness Edward, Hassan Umar Suru, Jasmyne Okudo. Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System. Am J Softw Eng Appl. 2022;11(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11,
  author = {Audu Lovingkindness Edward and Hassan Umar Suru and Jasmyne Okudo},
  title = {Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System},
  journal = {American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajsea.20221101.11},
  abstract = {A password is said to be secure, if it is resistant to various forms of attack. The oldest authentication approach used in computer systems is the text-based approach, which requires that the user supplies textual password in order to gain access to the system. Overtime, this approach has been shown to have a significant drawback and several vulnerabilities, one of which is the difficulty involved in remembering textual passwords. Textual passwords are vulnerable to several attacks like brute force attacks, shoulder spying, dictionary attacks etc. Graphical Password was introduced which involves the use of images for user authentication. In this research work, we developed a position-based multi-layer graphical user authentication system, in order to solve shoulder surfing attacks that most graphical password authentication schemes are faced with. The system authenticates users in three different phases so as to ensure maximum system security. The exact position of the images that the user selects during the registration phase will make up the user’s password. However, the images will be randomized during the login phase in order to confuse attackers. The newly develop system was evaluated using three performance metrics: (1) Security, (2) Usability, (3) Reliability, and the result showed that the newly developed methodology is suitable for use, very reliable and provides maximum system security.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Position-Based Multi-Layer Graphical User Authentication System
AU  - Audu Lovingkindness Edward
AU  - Hassan Umar Suru
AU  - Jasmyne Okudo
Y1  - 2022/04/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11
T2  - American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-249X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajsea.20221101.11
AB  - A password is said to be secure, if it is resistant to various forms of attack. The oldest authentication approach used in computer systems is the text-based approach, which requires that the user supplies textual password in order to gain access to the system. Overtime, this approach has been shown to have a significant drawback and several vulnerabilities, one of which is the difficulty involved in remembering textual passwords. Textual passwords are vulnerable to several attacks like brute force attacks, shoulder spying, dictionary attacks etc. Graphical Password was introduced which involves the use of images for user authentication. In this research work, we developed a position-based multi-layer graphical user authentication system, in order to solve shoulder surfing attacks that most graphical password authentication schemes are faced with. The system authenticates users in three different phases so as to ensure maximum system security. The exact position of the images that the user selects during the registration phase will make up the user’s password. However, the images will be randomized during the login phase in order to confuse attackers. The newly develop system was evaluated using three performance metrics: (1) Security, (2) Usability, (3) Reliability, and the result showed that the newly developed methodology is suitable for use, very reliable and provides maximum system security.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download